Topics of the Brahma Sutras

Before going into the detailed study of the Sutras, we should learn something about "Adhikaran" or topic. The literal meaning of topic is the subject discussed. For example, in the 1st Sutras the word Jignasa or questioning was widely used and the subject matter also was about questioning. Thus the 1st Aphorism is called "Jignasa Adhikaran". This topic consists of only one sutra. Similarly, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sutras are also of independent topic and their naming has been done with respect to the subject discussed. In other topics, there are more than one sutras. There is an arithmetic arrangement in the no. of sutras and its topics.
Brahma Sutras are called the 'Uttar Mimansha' because of the fact that they talk about Brahman being the only object of knowledge and attainment unlike the "Purva Mimansha" where attainment of heaven is the prime objective. According to Sankara, there are in all 555 sutras and 191 "Adhikarana" or topics which are divided into 4 adhyaya or sections and each section into 4 padas or sub sections.
The topic consists of 5 basic points viz. 1) the subject; 2) confusion raised; 3) justification of confusion with reference to the Shruti; 4) justification against the confusion with reference to Shrutis; 5) Conclusion. To derive the actual essence of the sutras, these five basic points have to be discussed in details and without the same, the conclusion derived will be considered invalid.
Brahma Sutras are the testimony and explanation of the Upanishads. Thus, in each topic, the definite meaning of the Shruti is discussed. Those words of the Shrutis are the topic heads of the respective topics in the Brahma Sutras.